https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1llt4PbX7suqyH6al6RTXmMTeuOOVcGnluJ26aSrNEkM/edit?usp=sharing

...APPLIED LINGUISTICS...

1. Applied Linguistics is concerned with the systematic study of language structure, the acquisition of first and subsequent languages, the role of language in communication, and the status of language as the product of particular cultures and other social groups. (http://www.brocku.ca/humanities/departments-and-centres/applied-linguistics/about/what-is-applied-linguistics).

2. "[A]pplied linguistics is an area of work that deals with language use in professional settings, translation, speech pathology, literacy, and language education; and it is not merely the application of linguistic knowledge to such settings but is a semiautonomous and interdisciplinary . . . domain of work that draws on but is not dependent on areas such as sociology, education, anthropology, cultural studies, and psychology." (http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/appliedlinguisticsterm.htm).

3. One way I can answer this broad question is by considering the Applied Linguistic issues that currently interest me, namely how languages interact and what differences we might expect when the languages concerned are not related to each other. For example, the Hong Kong language policy seeks to develop people who are trilingual in Cantonese, Putonghua and English. 

(http://www.cambridge.org/servlet/file/store7/item5633198/version1/Article_What%20is%20applied%20linguistics.pdf)

4. For me applied linguistics is related to metacognition and the reflexion process which all human beings have to cross in the way we learn a new language, I mean, it is related to acquisition and formal process in SLA and FLA. Applied linguistics recognize all the areas of English and it try to deep in those in order to find the origin or the correct process and complexity in acquiring a second language.

5. I would like to explore about

...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS...

...SOCIOLINGUISTICS...

1. I think the relationship between society and language is the important conection which has to be between both, I mean it is necesary to exist a language in a society because is the most important thing in order to communicate each others. so, it doesn´t matter if we communicate in an oral or written or corporal way, the important thing here is the language that is our code in each community or society.

2. Well because it depends on the costums of each community, I mean there aren´t the same needs in a place or region which is near the sea with other which is in the centre of the country and with a cold weather. So, for me it depends on the needs of each community and the costums of them.

3. I think everything affects the way we speak, the food, the weather, the music, everything changes according to the needs and the place of each group or community.

4. An accent is the way that particular person or group of people sound.  It’s the way somebody pronounces words, the musicality of their speech, etc.

A dialect describes both a person’s accent and the grammatical features of the way that person talks.

(http://dialectblog.com/2011/01/28/dialect-vs-accent/)

5. An overt prestige dialect is generally one that is widely recognized as being used by a culturally dominant group. In England, this would be RP. In the US, the Midwestern standard. 

A covert prestige dialect, on the other hand, is one that is generally perceived by the dominant culture group as being inferior but which compels its speakers to use it to show membership in an exclusive community.  (http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071106190328AAIeYQI)

Pidgin language  is nobody's native language; may arise when two speakers of different languages with no common language try to have a makeshift conversation. Lexicon usually comes from one language, structure often from the other. Because of colonialism, slavery etc. the prestige of Pidgin languages is very low. Many pidgins are `contact vernaculars', may only exist for one speech event.

Creole  is a language that was originally a pidgin but has become nativized, i.e. a community of speakers claims it as their first language. Next used to designate the language(s) of people of Caribbean and African descent in colonial and ex-colonial countries (Jamaica, Haiti, Mauritius, Réunion, Hawaii, Pitcairn, etc.) (http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/messeas/handouts/pjcreol/node1.html)

...SYNTAX...

Syntax: Is basically the structure of sentences. Sentences have to follow certain structural rules in order to make sense. You can’t just throw any words together to make a sentence! (https://sites.google.com/a/sheffield.ac.uk/all-about-linguistics/branches/syntax/what-is-syntax)

Grammar: is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules. (http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/grammar-what.htm)

Parse tree: A concrete syntax tree or parse tree is an (ordered, rooted) tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some formal grammar. In a parse tree, the interior nodes are labeled by non-terminals of the grammar, while the leaf nodes are labeled by terminals of the grammar. (http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Parse_tree.html)

Noun phrase: a word or group of words that functions in a sentence as subject, object, or prepositional object. (http://oxforddictionaries.com/es/definicion/ingles_americano/noun-phrase)}

Verb phrase: a verb phrase is a syntactic unit that corresponds to the predicate. In addition to the verb, this includes auxiliaries, objects, object complements, and other constituents apart from the subject. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAVerbPhrase.htm)

Sentences: In simple terms, a sentence is a set of words that contain:

a subject (what the sentence is about, the topic of the sentence)
a predicate (what is said about the subject) (http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/what-is-a-sentence.htm)

Determiners: are words like the, an, my, some. They are grammatically similar. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase. (http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adjectives-determiners.htm)

Adjective: An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. (http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/adjectve.html)

Adverb: An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. It "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb (The man ran quickly). (http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adverb-what.htm)

Noun: A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn. (http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/nouns.html)

Pronoun: A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. You use pronouns like "he," "which," "none," and "you" to make your sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive. (http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/pronouns.html)

Prepositional phrase: A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun. This noun or pronoun is called the “object of the preposition.” (http://www.infoplease.com/cig/grammar-style/prepositional-phrases-big-daddy-phrases.html)

Auxiliary verb: The most common auxiliary verbs are "be," "do," and "have", and you may also use these verbs on their own. You use "Will" and "shall" to express future time. (http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/auxvb.html)

Verb: The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. (http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/verbs.html)

...SEMANTICS...

1. Semantics is the branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning. there are a number of branches and subbranches of semantics, including formal semantics, which studies the logical aspects of meaning, such as sense, reference, implication, and logical form, lexical semantics, which study word meanings and word relations, and conceptual semantics, which studies the cognitive structure of meaning. So I think semantics is encharge about all meanigs that a word has depending on the context.(www.oxforddictionaries.com)

2.MEANING: The nonlinguistic cultural correlate, reference, or denotation of a linguisti form; expression.

well, if semantics is related to the meaning, I think this word is the most important here, because it is the base of what semantics is.

CONCEPT: an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics, or particulars; a contruct.

I think this word is related to semantics because after you got a meaning of a word, you can create your own meaning based on your context or situation.

REFERENT: The object or event to which a term or symbol refers.

as I said before, when you have a meaning, you can construct your own idea about the meaning you need, then you create a referent, I mean an image that let you think about that new word or concept or even meaning.

GRAMMATICAL MEANING: The meaning of an inflexional morpheme or of some other syntactic device, as word order.

Meanig have some categories, I think this is one of them, for that reason it is very important to understand the different ways that semantics define a word.

LEXICAL MEANING: The meaning of a based morpheme.

this is the category of meaning which is related to free morphemes, so other way to define a word by semantics.

DENOTATIVE: Havig the power of name or indicate something. 

so, you can also name or denotate  something in order to create a meaning.

CONNOTATIVE: Signifyng or suggestive of an associative or secondary meaning in addition to primary meaning.

I think it is a meaning that we can use in order to complement a meaning of a word.

METAPHOR: A figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance.

It is an interesting way semantics uses to give different meanings as comparisons between things.

POLYSEMY: Diversity of meanings.

it is related about all the possible meanings that a word can have dependeing on the intenction and the context.

CONTEXT: The set of circumstances or facts that sorround a particular event, situation, etc.

So as I said before, semantics can give us different meaning of a word depending on the context, I mean the situation, the purpose, the consecuence...

... MORPHOLOGY...

1.  Is the study of morphemes, obviously. morphemes are words, word sterms amd affixes, basically the unit of language one up from phonemes. Although they are often understood as units of meaning, they are usually considered a part of language´s syntax or grammar. It is specifically grammatical morphemes (www.webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html).

the study of the strusture and form of words in language or a language, including infexion, derivation and the formation of compounds (www.thefreediccionary.com).

Is a field of linguistics focus on the study of the forms and formation of words in a language. A morpheme is the smallest indivisible unit of a language that retains meaning. The rules of morphology within a language tend to be relatively regular, so that if one sees  the noun morphemes for the first time, for example, one can reduce that it is likely related to the word morpheme (www.wisegeek.org.

WORD	DEFINITION	EXAMPLE
MORPHEME	Is the smallest meaningful unit  in grammar of a language.
FREE MORPHEME
BOUND MORPHEME
PREFIX
SUFFIX
INFIX
AFFIX
DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME
IFLECTIONAL MORPHEME

... PHONOLOGY...

1. I understand Phonetics as the study of the human speech sounds, I mean how we produces the sounds in order to speak an Phonology is focus on the interpretations and forms of those sounds and how we recognize and understand the sounds in order to speak.

2. a. Determine which phonetics sounds are significant.

    b. Explain how the sounds are interpretate by native speakers.

    c. Organize the sound and represent them by symbols.

http://www.-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlosaryOfLinguisticsTerms/WhatIsPhonology.htm

3. PHONEME: Any of a small set of units, usually about 20 to 60 in number and different for each language considered to be the basic distinctive units of speech sound by which morphemes, words, and sentences are represented. They are arrived at for any given language by detemining which differences in sound function to indicate a difference in meaning, so, that in English the difference in sound and meaning between pit and bit is taken to indicate the existence of different labial phonemes, while the difference in sound between the unaspirated p of spun and the aspirated p os pun, since it is never the only distiguishing feature between two different words, is not taken as ground for setting up two different p phonemes in English.

LETTER:  A symbol or character that is convencionally used  in witing and printing to represent a speech and that is a part of an alphabet.

DIGRAPH: A pair of letters representing a single speech sound as ea in meat or th in path.

CONSONANT CLUSTER: A group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits.

ALLOPHONE: Any of the members of a class of speech sound that, taken together, are commonly felt to be a phoneme, as the t sounds of toe, stow, tree, hatpin, catcall, cats, catnip, button, metal, city; a speech sound constituting one of the phonetic manifestations or variants of a particular phoneme. 

www.dictionary.reference.com

www.ask.com.wiki/consonant_cluster

4. There are 44 phonemes in English, 20 vowels and 24 consonants:

5. The sress of a word is the part where yoou put a rising intonation when you pronounce it:

TAble --  HAPpy --  geoGRAPHic -- reveLAtion -- phoTOgraphy -- CRItical -- GREENhouse -- underSTAND

... WHY IS LINGUISTICS IMPORTANT?...

For me, Linguistiques is important because when you´re studying a language tou need to follow a sequence or process which is encharged of the structure of the language, I mean it is very important that you understand the meaning of the words, the grammar and sense of a sentence and the correct way to put it into a context and be able to communicate complite and coherence message with someone else.

So, you´re like a baby acquiring sounds, words, semtences, then you repeat those words, and finnaly you produce your own conversation, but you have to make sure about the real sense and meaning of all the words you say. You have to understand the correct way to construct sentences for an assertive communication...

...INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS...

TASK # 1

1. For SIL International Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds.(http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glosary of linguistic terms/WhatIsPhonetics.htm)

2. For British Association of Academis Phoneticians, Phonetics is the systematic study of speech and the sounds of language. Tradicionallt phoneticiand rely on careful listening and observation in order to describe speech sounds. In doing this, a phonetician refers to a classificatory framework for speech sounds which is based on how they are made and on aspects of the auditory impression they make. (http://www.baap.uk.phonetics.htm)

3. For Richard Norquist Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the sounds of speech and their production, combination, description, and representation by written symbols. (http://grammar.about.comold, )

4. I understand that phonetics is the process where is encharge of human speech and all the sounds we produce but also graphic representations of those sounds.

...HOW DO WE ACQUIRE LANGUAGE...

For many years, scientists ans neurologist and why not, some psychologist have wanted to realize how human brain works, and more specifically how do humans acquire knowledge and how we are able to produce and develop a language. If it is true that human brain is a very complicated but extraordinary thing, I really agree with Dr. Brown when he says in his book "Principles in Language Learning and Teaching" (Chapter 2) that there are many environments or issues that affect the way we acquire a language, so it is important to take into account that although we are humans all of us have the ability to speak and learn, we do it in different ways.

Also Mr. Brown talked about three important points which he contrasted them like: behavioristic, nativist and functional, where he define some characteristics of each one in order to deepen in how we act everyday and how we develop ourselves in a natural context and then hoe we work in cognitive process to learn or acquire a new language. I think all those factors are very important, but it is a process, a long process where you have to help children since they are just fetuses, so they can perceive all our affective interaction and all the thing we say and do let them to grow and encourage them to have an assertive language acquisition.

...How do I think humans acquire knowledge...

I think it is a process where you listen and perceive all thinks around and you start to create conscious about things and finally you produce...

Victor Wooten define the way that we acquire a language as a process where you embase mistakes instead of correct them. You have to practice  all the time.

He says that music is a language, it is a form of expression. Music works better than spoken word because you can speak to one or many at the same time; language work better when we have something interesting to say.